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Candidates should normally have or be expecting an upper second or first class degree in any related discipline. We also expect a Master's degree or equivalent with the dissertation component marked at Distinction level (70+). However, we also welcome applications from mature students with substantial research experience. Candidates can be considered for a PhD by Prior Publication. Examples of this include a degree from a British university or a minimum overall score of 7.5 and no less than 7.0 in any of the subtests (Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking) in the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) administered by the British Council. TOEFL: We require a well-balanced overall score of at least 100 and no less than 25 in the Writing section.